Rokiroki mataoHe mahi nui tā ngā whare putunga i roto i ngā mekameka tuku taonga o ēnei rā. Ka tiakina e rātou te kounga o te kai, ka whakaū i ngā utu, ā, ka tautoko i te hokohoko ā-rohe mō ngā taonga e pāngia ana e te pāmahana. Mai i ngā hua hou ki ngā rongoā, mā te hanganga rokiroki makariri ka taea te wātea me te haumaru puta noa i te tau. I te whanaketanga o ngā tauira kai me te whānui haere o ngā whatunga kawe taonga, ka tipu haere tonu te hiahia mō ngā whare putunga rokiroki makariri whai hua.
Ngā Mahi Matua me ngā Tawhā Hangarau o ngā Whare Putunga Matao
Kua hangaia he whare putunga makariri hei pupuri i ngā pāmahana whakahaere e whakaroa ana i te pirau koiora me te pirau matū. Ko ngā awhe pāmahana whakahaere noa e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kāwai hua. Ko te rokiroki makariri ka mahi i waenga i te 0°C me te +4°C mō te mīti hou, te miraka, me ngā huawhenua. Ko te rokiroki tio ka mau tonu ki te −18°C, e hangai ana ki ngā paerewa haumaru kai o te ao. Ko ngā whare putunga tio hohonu mō te rokiroki roa o te kaimoana, o te mīti rānei ka mahi pea i waenga i te −25°C ki te −30°C.
Ka pā tika te mahi whakamahana wera ki te whai huatanga o te pūngao. Ko ngā panera hanawiti polyurethane me te kawe wera o te 0.022 W/m·K te paerewa tonu o te umanga. Mō ngā whare putunga tio, ko te matotoru o te whakamahana kei waenga i te 120 mm ki te 150 mm. Ka āwhina ēnei tawhā ki te whakawhāiti i te pikinga o te wera me te whakaiti i te wā e mahi ana te pūwero. He maha ngā wā kei roto i ngā papa he papa whakamahana o te 80 mm ki te 120 mm, me ngā ārai kohu hei ārai i te hukapapa.
Ko ngā pūnaha pouaka whakamātao te wāhanga nui rawa atu o ngā utu whakahaere. Ko te whakamahinga pūngao e tohu ana i te 60% ki te 70% o ngā whakapaunga whakahaere rokiroki makariri katoa. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha pouaka whakamātao ammonia, CO₂ rānei o ēnei rā te whakatutuki i ngā uara tauwehenga mahi i waenga i te 3.5 me te 5.0 i raro i ngā āhuatanga kua arotauhia. Ka whakaitihia te whakamahinga hiko e ngā puku auau-rerekē i runga i ngā compressor me ngā pā whakapūhaumāota mā te 15% ki te 25% ki te whakataurite ki ngā pūnaha tere-pūmau.
Ko te matotoru o te rokiroki te mea e whakatau ana i te whai huatanga ohaoha. He maha ngā wā ka eke ngā whare putunga rokiroki makariri ki te teitei o te 20 ki te 35 mita. Mā ngā pūnaha whatanga papa aunoa ka taea te penapena i ngā matotoru neke atu i te 0.8 papa ia mita tapawha. Mā tēnei whakamahinga poutū ka whakaitihia te whakamahinga whenua, ka whakaitihia hoki te utu hanga mō ia tūranga papa. Mō ngā whare e neke atu ana i te 20,000 tūranga papa, ka taea e te aunoatanga te whakaiti i te tono mahi mā te neke atu i te 40%.
Te Hanganga o te Whare Putunga Matao
Mā ngā papa rokiroki makariri kounga teitei ka whakatau i te whai huatanga o te mahi. Ka tukuna e ngā panera polyurethane kounga teitei ngā uara-R o te 28 ki te 30 me te matotoru whā inihi noa iho. Ka tapahia e tēnei kawe wera iti te urunga wera mā te 50 ōrau ki te whakaritea ki ngā rauemi paerewa. Ka whakaitihia e te whakamarumaru whai hua te kawenga mahi a te pūhiko mā te 35 ōrau. Me hiri pai ia hononga panera hei whakakore i te hononga wera. Ka āraihia e ngā arai makuku te haukū e whakaputa ana i te pokepokea ai, e whakaiti ana hoki i te mahi. E ai ki ngā whare e whakamahi ana i ngā panera taumata teitei, ka heke ngā utu pūngao mai i te $12,000 ki te $7,500 ia tau mō ia 1,000 putu tapawha. Ka mau tonu ngā panera i ngā pāmahana mai i te -10°F ki te 35°F me te iti o te piki me te heke.
Ko te kounga o ngā taputapu pouaka whakamātao te mea e akiaki ana i ngā taurangi mahi e toe ana. Ko ngā pūwero haurua-mātao o ēnei rā ka tutuki i te ōwehenga whai hua o te pūngao o te 3.4 ki te 11.7 BTU ia watt-haora. E 57 ōrau o te mana katoa o te pūnaha e pau ana i te pūwero. Ka tapahia e ngā pā whakapūmahana whai hua teitei te whakamahinga o taua wāhanga mai i te 10 ōrau ki te 7 ōrau o te katoa. Ka whakatikatikahia e ngā puku auau rerekē ngā tere o te motuka, ka whakaitihia ngā huringa mahi mai i te mahi 100 ōrau tonu ki te 70 ōrau i raro i ngā kawenga noa. Ka whakawhāitihia e ngā kaiwhakahaere whakarewa atamai te mahi whakamahana ki te 4.2 ōrau o te wā whakahaere, ka penapena 550 kWh ia marama.
Mā te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā panera me ngā taputapu pai rawa atu ka puta he hua nui. Ka mau tonu ngā pāmahana ōrite i roto i te rerekētanga ±1°F mā ngā pūnaha whakakotahi. Mā tēnei tino tika ka whakaitihia te pirau o te hua mā te 30 ōrau. Ka heke te whakapaunga pūngao katoa o te whare mai i te 15,555 kWh ki te 8,500 kWh ia tau mō te waeine paerewa 800-putu tapawha. Ka tāpirihia e te rama LED i hangaia mō ngā taiao makariri te 350 kWh ia tau engari ka toru ngā wā ka roa ake i ngā rama tuku iho. Ka tukuna e te huarahi whakauru te hokinga mai o te haumitanga i roto i te 2.8 tau mā te whakaiti i ngā utu ratonga me te pupuri i te uara o ngā rawa.
Me whakarite ngā tīma hanga i ngā wāhanga e rua i te wā tāutanga. Me whakatakoto ngā panera ki te arataki laser kia pai ai te hononga hau. Me whakamahana mua ngā paipa pouaka whakamātao i mua i te urunga mā roto i ngā pakitara. Ka whakamatautauria te pūnaha katoa e ngā tikanga whakatūnga i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawenga katoa.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-19-2026