He maha ngā mahi ahumahi e tautokona ana e te whare wheketere whakarewa. He maha ngā wheketere e whiriwhiri ana i ngā hanganga whakarewa mō te kaha. Ka taea e te whare te whakahaere i ngā mīhini, te rokiroki, me ngā mahi whakahaere. He maha ngā wheketere e whakamahi ana i ngā whānuitanga mai i te 20 m ki te 80 m. Ka tautokona e te hoahoa ngā kawenga taumaha me te roa o te ora mahi. Ka whakaitihia e ngā hanganga whakarewa te wā hanga me ngā utu tiaki. He maha ngā kamupene e whakamahi ana i ngā anga maitai hei whakapai ake i te haumaru. Ka urutau hoki te whare wheketere ki te whakawhānui. Ka tukuna e te whare wheketere whakarewa he uara roa mō ngā kaihanga.
Hanganga Matua o tētahi Whare Whakanao Rino
He pūnaha hanganga mārama tā te whare wheketere whakarewa.anga maitaikei roto ko ngā pou, ngā kurupae, ngā purlin, me ngā tautoko. Ko te nuinga o ngā pou he maitai kurupae-H. Ko te rahi o te pou he H300×300×10×15. He maha ngā tuanui e whakamahi ana i ngā purlin maitai me ngā āhua Z, C rānei. Ko te rahi purlin Z noa he Z180. Ka whakamahia hoki e te whare ngā whitiki pakitara hei tautoko taha.
Ka taea te hora i ngā tawhiti roa o te anga. Ko te whānuitanga ahumahi paerewa kei waenga i te 20 m ki te 50 m. Ko ngā tipu taumaha e whakamahi ana i ngā whānuitanga tae atu ki te 80 m. Ko te teitei o te whare kei waenga i te 6 m ki te 20 m. Ko ngā whare teitei ka taea te pupuri i ngā kerēni me ngā mīhini nunui.
Ka whakamahia ngā pūtu kaha-teitei hei hononga. He maha ngā pūtu e whakamahi ana i te taumata 8.8, 10.9 rānei. Kei roto hoki i te anga ngā tokotoko tautoko. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei tokotoko te nekenekehanga i te wā o ngā awha. Ka whakamahia e te whare wheketere whakarewa ngā pūtu punga hei whakau i ngā pou. He maha ngā wā ka inehia ia pūtu punga ki te M20 ki te M30.
Ka tautoko te hanganga i ngā kawenga taumaha. He maha ngā tuanui e kawe ana i te kawenga mate 0.3 kN/m². Ka eke pea te kawenga ora ki te 0.57 kN/m². Ka tiaki te anga kaha i te tipu mai i te hau me te hukarere.
Ngā Āhuatanga me ngā Āhuatanga o te Rauemi
He maitai te nuinga o ngā wāhanga o tētahi whare wheketere whakarewa. He kaha te kaha kume o te maitai hanganga. He maha ngā maitai ka eke ki te kaha tuku o te 345 MPa. Ko ētahi wheketere taumaha ka whakamahi i te maitai Q390, Q420 rānei. Ka tautokohia e ēnei momo taputapu taumaha.
Ka whakamahia e te whare he whakakikorua whakarewa mō ngā pakitara me ngā tuanui. He maha ngā wheketere e whakamahi ana i ngā pepa maitai kōpikopiko me te matotoru o te 0.4 mm ki te 0.6 mm. Ko ētahi whare e whakamahi ana ingā panera hanawitime ngā matua PU, PIR rānei. He kaha te whakamarumaru o te panera 50 mm. Ka whakapai ake te panera 75 mm i te whakahaere wera mā te 20%.
He roa te ora o ngā wāhanga whakarewa. He maha ngā wāhanga maitai e 30 ki te 50 tau te roa. Ka roa ake te ora o ngā paninga tiaki. He maha ngā whare hanga e whakamahi ana i ngā paparanga konukōre he 80 μm te matotoru. Ka ārai te paninga i te waikura i ngā āhuarangi makuku.
Ka whakahaerehia hoki e te whare ngā mahi haumaru ahi. He maha ngā kamupene e whakamahi ana i ngā peita ātete ahi. Ka taea e te matotoru o te peita 2 mm te whakaroa i te wera mō ngā haora e 2. Ka whakamahia pea e te tuanui he whakamarumaru kore-mura.
Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga whakarewa te tuku i ngā wāhi ngāwari. Ka noho tuwhera tonu te tahora o roto. Ka nekehia e ngā kaimahi ngā mīhini me te kore e tangohia te pakitara. He maha ngā wheketere e whakahou ana i te hanga i ia tau. He ngāwari te tautoko a ngā whare whakarewa i ēnei huringa.
Pūnaha Tuanui me te Pakitara
He pūnaha tuanui pakari tā te whare hanga whakarewa. Kei roto i te tuanui ngā purlin, te whakamarumaru, me ngā rau. He maha ngā tuanui e whakamahi ana i ngā purlin C, Z rānei, e wehea ana i te 1.2 m ki te 1.5 m. Ka kapi te tihi i ngā rau kōpikopiko. Ko te matotoru o te rau i te nuinga o te wā mai i te 0.45 mm ki te 0.6 mm.
He maha ngā whare e whakamahi ana i ngā paparanga whakamarumaru. Ka whakaitihia te whakawhiti wera e te panera PU 50 mm mā te 30%. Ka whakaitihia e te panera 75 mm mā te 40%. Ka tiakina e te whakamarumaru ngā kaimahi me ngā mīhini.
He rerekē ngā pari o te tuanui. He maha ngā tipu e whakamahi ana i ngā pari mai i te 5% ki te 15%. Ka tere te mimiti o te wai ua i te pari. Ka tautokohia e ngā awaawa me ngā paipa heke te mimiti. E 20 ki te 40 rita ia hekona te nui o te wai e taea ana e te awaawa noa.
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha pakitara ngā pepa whakarewa, ngā panera hanawiti rānei. He maha ngā pakitara e whakamahi ana i ngā pepa maitai he 0.45 mm te matotoru. Ka pai ake te penapena pūngao i ngā panera whakamahana. Ka eke ngā panera PU ki te kawe wera tata ki te 0.022 W/m·K. He pai ake te ātete ahi a ngā panera PIR.
Kei roto hoki i te pūnaha pakitara he whitiki rino. Ko te tawhiti noa he 1.5 m ki te 2.0 m. Mā ngā matapihi me ngā arawhata ka pai ake te hauhautanga. Mā ēnei pūnaha ka pai ake te hau mō ngā mīhini me ngā kaimahi.
Tahora ā-roto me ngā Rohe Mahi
He maha ngā mahi e tautokohia ana e te whare wheketere whakarewa. Ko te whakatakotoranga o roto e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hiahia whakaputa. He maha ngā wheketere kei roto ko ngā raina whakaputa, ngā whare putunga, ngā tari, me ngā rohe uta.
E 50% ki te 70% o te wāhi e whakamahia ana e te wāhi whakaputa. E 2,000 m² pea te rahi o te wāhi e whakamahia ana e te wheketere iti. E 20,000 m² pea te rahi o te wāhi nui. Mā te hoahoa whānui e āwhina te whakanoho mīhini. Ka whakamahia ngā whata rokiroki mō ngā rohe putunga. Ko te teitei o ngā whata kei waenga i te 4 m ki te 10 m. Ka neke ngā forklift i ngā ara whānui. He maha ngā ara e 3 m ki te 4 m te rahi.
E 5% ki te 10% o te whare te nuinga o ngā wāhi tari e noho ana. Ka whakamahia e ngā tari ngā pakitara wehewehe me ngā papa teitei. Kei roto i te rohe uta he tauranga me ngā arawhata. He maha ngā tauranga e tautoko ana i ngā taraka tae atu ki te 20 tana. Ko te teitei o te arawhata he 1.2 m.
Ka tautokohia hoki e ngā whare tipu whakarewa ngā kerēni. Ka taea e ngā kerēni runga te kawe i te 5 tana ki te 50 tana. Ka taea e ngā tipu taumaha te whakamahi i ngā kerēni tae atu ki te 100 tana. Ka noho ngāwari tonu te whakatakotoranga o roto mō te whakawhānui.
Ngā Painga o te Whare Whakatipu Whakarewa
He maha ngā painga o tētahi whare hanga whare whakarewa.
Ko te painga tuatahi ko te tere. Ka tere te tāuta a ngā kaimahi i ngā anga. Tērā pea ka oti te mahi i roto i ngā rā e 45 te rahi o tētahi tipu 5,000 m².
Ko te tuarua o ngā painga ko te penapena utu. Ka whakaitihia e ngā hanganga maitai ngā utu turanga. Ka whakaitihia hoki e te whare ngā utu tiaki mā te 20%.
Ko te tuatoru o ngā painga ko te kaha. Ka taea e ngā anga maitai te tu atu ki ngā kawenga taumaha. He maha ngā whare e ātete ana ki ngā hau o te 100 km/h ki te 150 km/h.
Ko te painga tuawhā ko te ngāwari. Ka ngāwari te whakawhānui i ngā kamupene. Ka tāpirihia e ngā kaimahi ngā kokoru, ka whakaroahia rānei te roa. Ka taea e te tipu te tipu mai i te 30 m ki te 60 m mā ngā mahi māmā noa iho.
Ko te painga tuarima ko te penapena pūngao. Ka whakaitihia e ngā panera whakamahana te whakawhiti wera. Ka penapenahia e te panera 75 mm te 20% o te pūngao i ia tau.
Ko te painga tuaono ko te roa o te ora. He maha ngā whare e mahi ana mō te 40 ki te 50 tau.
Ka tautokohia ngā wheketere, ngā pokapū kawe taonga, ngā awheawhe, me ngā ahumahi taumaha e ēnei painga.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-10-2025