I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere te rongonui o ngā hua polyurethane, pērā i ngā panera rokiroki makariri i hangaia e Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets i Haina, he mea hanga ki ngā rauemi polyurethane.
I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te wehewehe i te polyurethane ki te thermosetting me te thermoplastic, ā, ka taea te hanga hei kirihou polyurethane (ko te nuinga he kirihou pahuka), he muka polyurethane (spandex), me ngā elastomers polyurethane. Ko te nuinga o ngā rauemi polyurethane ka kiia he thermosetting, pērā i te pahuka polyurethane ngohengohe, mārō me te āhua-pakari.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā tikanga hangarua ā-tinana mō te hangarua o te polyurethane, nā te mea he tino whai hua, he ohanga hoki tēnei tikanga. Ina koa, ka taea te wehewehe kia toru ngā tikanga hangarua:
Ko tēnei tikanga te hangarau hangarua tino whānuitia. Ka kuruhia te pahuka polyurethane ngohengohe kia maha henimita te matotoru mā te huri, ā, ka rehuhia te piri polyurethane tauhohe ki roto i te mīhini whakaranu. Ko te piri e whakamahia ana ko te whakakotahitanga pahuka polyurethane, ko te prepolymer NCO rānei i hangaia i runga i te polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Ina whakamahia ngā piri PAPI hei hono me te hanga, ka taea hoki te whakauru i te whakaranu mamaoa. I roto i te tukanga hono para polyurethane, tāpirihia te 90% o te polyurethane para me te 10% o te piri, whakaranua kia ōrite, tāpirihia rānei ētahi tae, kātahi ka pēhi i te ranunga.
Ehara i te mea he ngāwari noa iho te hangarau hanga hononga, engari he rerekētanga nui hoki o ngā āhuatanga miihini o te hua whakamutunga. Ko te tikanga hangarua angitu rawa atu o ngā hua polyurethane ko te whakaputa pahuka polyurethane hangarua mā te hono i te pahuka para pēnei i ngā toenga pahuka ngohengohe, e whakamahia ana hei whāriki tuara, whāriki hākinakina, rauemi whakamarumaru oro me ētahi atu hua. Ka taea te hanga i ngā matūriki pahuka ngohengohe me ngā piripiri hei hua pēnei i ngā papa raro waka i tētahi pāmahana me te pēhanga; Mā te whakamahi i te pēhanga me te pāmahana teitei ake, ka taea te hanga i ngā wāhanga mārō pēnei i ngā whare papu.
Ka taea hoki te hangarua i te pahuka polyurethane mārō me te elastomer polyurethane whakakoi werohanga tauhohenga (RIM) mā te tikanga kotahi. Te whakaranu i ngā matūriki para me ngā prepolymer isocyanate hei hanga pēhi wera, pērā i te hanga i ngā whāriki paipa mō ngā pūnaha whakamahana paipa. | 2、Te whakakoi wera He āhua whakangawari me te kirihou ngā hua polyurethane whakamahana-whakamaroke me ngā hua polyurethane RIM i roto i te awhe pāmahana 100-200 ℃. I raro i te pāmahana me te pēhanga teitei, ka taea te hono i te polyurethane para ki a rātou anō me te kore e whakamahia he piripiri. Hei hanga kia ōrite ake ngā hua hangarua, he maha ngā wā me kuru te para, kātahi ka whakamahana, ka pēhi kia hanga.
Ko ngā āhuatanga hanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo para polyurethane me te hua hangarua. Hei tauira, ka taea te pēhi wera i te para pahuka ngohengohe polyurethane mō ētahi meneti i te pēhanga o te 1-30MPa me te awhe pāmahana o te 100-220 °C hei hanga i ngā mea ngongo ru, ngā pare paru, me ētahi atu wāhanga.
Kua whakamahia angitu tēnei tikanga ki te hangarua i ngā wāhanga polyurethane momo RIM mō ngā motuka. Hei tauira, ka taea te hanga i ngā panera kuaha motuka me ngā panera taputapu me te 6% pea o te paura polyurethane RIM me te 15% o te muka karāhe. | 3、Whakamahia hei whakakī Ka taea te huri i te pahuka ngohengohe polyurethane hei matūriki angiangi mā te kuru, te huri rānei i te pāmahana iti, ā, ka tāpirihia te marara o aua matūriki ki ngā polyol hei hanga pahuka polyurethane, ki ētahi atu hua rānei, e kore e whakaora noa i ngā rauemi polyurethane para, engari ka whakaiti hoki i te utu hua. Ko te nui o te paura pakaru i roto i te pahuka polyurethane ngāwari kua rongoatia matao i runga i te MDI he iti noa iho ki te 15%, ā, ko te 25% o te paura pakaru ka taea te tāpiri ki te pahuka wera kua rongoatia i runga i te TDI.
Ko tētahi tukanga ko te tāpiri i ngā para pahuka kua tapatapahia kētia ki roto i te polyol pahuka ngohengohe, kātahi ka huri mākūhia ki roto i te mira tika hei hanga i tētahi ranunga "polyol hangarua" kei roto ngā matūriki angiangi hei hanga pahuka ngohengohe.
Ka taea te kuru i te para polyurethane RIM kia paura, ka konatunatua ki ngā rauemi mata, kātahi ka hangaia hei elastomers RIM. I muri i te kuru i te para polyurethane pakari pahuka me te para polyisocyanurate (PIR), ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei tāpiri i te 5% o ngā rauemi hangarua ki te ranunga hei hanga pahuka pakari. |
I ngā tau tata nei, kua puta ake he tikanga whakaora matū hou
Kua whakawhanakehia e te tīma o Te Whare Wānanga o Illinois, e arahina ana e Ahorangi Steven Zimmerman, tētahi tikanga hei pirau i ngā para polyurethane me te huri hei hua whai hua.
Ko te tumanako a te tauira paerua, a Ephraim Morado, ki te whakamahi anō i ngā pūmua mā roto i ngā tikanga matū hei whakaoti rapanga o te para polyurethane. Heoi, he tino pumau te polyurethane, ā, e rua ngā wāhanga e uaua ana ki te pirau: ko ngā isocyanate me ngā polyol.
Ko ngā polyol te pūtake o te raruraru, nā te mea he mea tango mai i te hinu, ā, kāore e ngāwari te pirau. Hei karo i tēnei uauatanga, i tangohia e te tīma rangahau tētahi waeine matū e ngāwari ake te pirau, e wairewa ana hoki i te wai, arā, ko te acetal. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hua pirau i hangaia mā te whakarewa i ngā polymer me te waikawa trichloroacetic me te dichloromethane i te pāmahana rūma mō te hanga rauemi hou. Hei taunakitanga mō te ariā, ka taea e Morado te huri i ngā elastomers e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā takai me ngā wāhanga motuka hei piripiri.
Heoi, ko te ngoikoretanga nui o tēnei tikanga hangarua hou ko te utu me te paitini o ngā rauemi mata e whakamahia ana mō te tauhohenga. Nō reira, kei te rapu ngā kairangahau i tētahi tikanga pai ake, iti ake te utu hei whakatutuki i te tukanga kotahi mā te whakamahi i ngā whakarewa ngawari pērā i te winika hei whakapōrearea.
I te heke mai, ko te whare o Harbin Dong'anpepas kamupeneKa whai tata hoki mātou i te auahatanga o te umanga, ā, ka haere tonu te haumi ki te hangarau me te hangarau tiaki taiao, me te whakahou tonu kia pai ake ai te taiao me te hauora o ngā panera polyurethane o Dong'an. E whakapono ana hoki mātou ka puta mai ētahi atu hangarau tiaki taiao hou a meake nei.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-09-2023